Category: covid

Malaysia merosot dalam PISA 2022, pandemik COVID-19 antara faktor penyumbang utama  Berita Harian
source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Satgas Penanganan COVID-19 Kota Bandung akan mengkaji ulang kebijakan PTM terbatas sebanyak 50 persen di sekolah. Pasalnya, satgas mencatat hingga saat ini sudah ada 40 siswa dan guru yang terpapar Corona.
“Ini sekarang lagi dikaji, karena kan kita masih diberi ruang 50 persen (PTMT). Konfirmasi aktif di satuan pendidikan itu ada 40 orang sekarang,” kata Kasatgas COVID-19 Kota Bandung Asep Saeful Gufron saat berbincang dengan detikjabar via telepon, Jumat (18/2/2022).
Menurutnya, jumlah itu mengalami kenaikan saat kasus lonjakan COVID-19 terjadi di Kota Bandung awal tahun ini. Saat pertama kali mulai melonjak, satgas menemukan 13 siswa dan 1 guru yang terpapar.
ADVERTISEMENT
SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT
“Awal itu ada 13 siswa dan 1 guru, itu terus kita surveillance. Dan sekarang yang terpaparnya bertambah. Hasil kajian ini nanti kita laporkan ke Pak Plt (menyebut Plt Walkot Bandung Yana Mulyana) karena beliau nanti yang menentukan kebijakan PTM,” ungkapnya.
Asep menyebut, puluhan orang yang terpapar itu mayoritas merupakan murid sekolah. Namun, satgas masih menelusuri dari mana asal mula siswa ini bisa terpapar COVID-19.
“Ini terus ditelusuri lagi, apakah kejadiannya di sekolah atau di luar. Karena memang kalau di sekolah prokesnya memadai, kan bisa saja anak itu pulang sekolah atau kemana, sementara sekolah hanya mengawasi di lingkup sekolah saja,” ucapnya.
Untuk antisipasi paparan lebih luas, satgas terus memantau penyebaran Corona di lingkungan pendidikan. Pada tahap awal, satgas sudah memantau 60 satuan pendidikan di Kota Bandung
“Satuan pendidikan kita ajukan surveillance tahap dua, sementara kita masih bisa PTM terbatas 50 persen. Makanya ada empat kelompok belajar sekarang, karena kita lebih kepada mengedepankan prinsip kehati-hatian,” tuturnya.
“Nanti sambil lihat perkembangan, kalau misalkan terus meningkat, (PTMT) kita kaji. kita juga beri ruang kepada ortu, kalau sekiranya orang tua tidak menghendaki anaknya untuk PTMT, itu akan difasilitasi, ada PJJ dan itu menjadi kewajiban. Nanti itu dikembalikan lagi kepada orang tuanya masing-masing mau PTM atau PJJ,” pungkasnya.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

KANSAS CITY, Mo. (KCTV) – Mitch Holthus, the “Voice of the Chiefs,” announced through his X account that his 30 seasons is now interrupted due to testing positive for COVID-19.
Just before the Kansas City Chiefs-Green Bay Packers game began, Holthus posted, stating he tested positive on Friday morning.
“2023 protocol calls for 5-day quarantine,” Holthus posted.
Holthus began calling Chiefs games in 1994, being dubbed as the “Voice of the Chiefs,” and has never missed a Chiefs game since.
“So 30-season, 503-game NFL streak gets interrupted-and counting my college work prior-43 seasons without miss until tonight.”
In his X post, Holthus alluded to trying to figure out a way to continue his 503-game streak, however, it seems no idea was able to safely come to fruition.
“I appreciate EVERYONE who spent most of the day Friday trying to figure out how I could broadcast this game 2020 studio style & if it was home game could maybe have had isolated booth. But no way to pull it off on road-and would NEVER put ANYONE in that travel party in jeopardy,” Holthus posted.
Holthus ended his message stating that he intends to start a new streak next week.
Copyright 2023 KCTV. All rights reserved.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Pemkot Bandung agar mengkaji ulang perjanjian kontrak Pasar Baru dengan swasta, perpanjangan surat berjualan, serta pemutihan biaya layanan selama pagebluk.
BandungBergerak.id – Para pedagang Pasar Baru yang tergabung dalam Perkumpulan Pedagang Pasar Baru Trade Center (P3 BTC) menuntut perpanjangan masa berlaku Surat Pemakaian Tempat Berjualan (SPTB) yang akan berakhir 31 Desember 2023 mendatang. Tuntutan disampaikan melalui aksi unjuk rasa di depan Pasar Baru, Bandung, Senin (31/7/2023) pagi.
Para pedagang Pasar Baru berharap SPTB bisa diperpanjang sampai 20 tahun ke depan. Selain itu, mereka meminta adanya evaluasi terhadap perjanjian kerja sama antara Perusahaan Umum Daerah (Perumda) Pasar Juara dan pihak pengelola [PT Dam Sawarga Maniloka Jaya (DSMJ)] yang isinya dinilai merugikan para pedagang pasar. Terakhir, para pedagang meminta pemutihan biaya layanan (service cash) selama Covid-19 yang dibebankan ke para pedagang.
Salah satu tokoh pedagang Pasar Baru Haidir mengungkapkan, sejumlah tuntutan tersebut merupakan masalah mendasar yang dihadapi para pedagang Pasar Baru. Sebagai contoh, SPTB merupakan napas bagi para pedagang agar bisa terus berjualan. Jika SPTB tidak diperjang artinya tidak ada kepastian bagi pedagang Pasar Baru pada 2024 mendatang.
Mengenai evaluasi perjanjian kerja sama antara Perumda Pasar Juara (BUMD) dan pengelola swasta, menurut Haidir, ada pasal yang merugikan pedagang. Pasal ini berbunyi bahwa harga kios sepenuhnya diserahkan oleh Perumda Pasar kepada pengelola. Pasal ini dinilai sangat membingungkan dan tidak melindungi para pedagang.
Para pedagang Pasar Baru khawatir jika sewaktu-waktu dilakukan renovasi atau perbaikan pasar dikhawatirkan biaya pembangunan tersebut tidak sesuai kemampuan para pedagang. Karena itu para pedagang menuntut agar perjanjian tersebut dievaluasi, bahkan kalau perlu dibatalkan.
“Selain itu kami meminta harga yang nanti ditawarkan untuk renovasi harga yang masuk akal sesuai kemampuan para pedagang. Garis tegasnya tidak ada jaminan siapa pun apakah bisa berjualan di 2024 atau tidak,” terang Haidir, kepada Bandungbergerak.id usai aksi.
Sebelumnya ketika aksi masih berjalan, kepolisian yang berjaga sempat meminta para pedagang untuk membubarkan diri. Namun, mereka tetap melanjutkan aksi. Mereka baru bisa bubar setelah mendapat kepastian akan diterima beraudiensi dengan Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Bandung di Balai Kota.
Haidir mengungkapkan pihaknya berharap agar Wali Kota Bandung dan Perumda Pasar dapat mengabulkan semua tuntutan para pedagang. Sehingga para pedagang bisa berjualan dalam kondisi tenang dan damai.
Evaluasi Kontrak Perjanjian dengan Pengelola!
Ketua P3 BTC Wawan Ridwan mengungkapkan duduk persoalan perjanjian kerja sama antara Perumda Pasar Juara dan pengelola sudah terjadi ketika penandatanganan perjanjian yang dilakukan pada Desember 2021 lalu. Namun semenjak itu, pihak pengelola tidak menjalankan perjanjian yang telah disepakati bersama pihak Perumda Pasar Juara.
Pengelola Pasar Baru seharusnya bertanggung jawab melakukan upaya promosi pasar agar membantu meningkatkan pengunjung pasar. Hal ini sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab pengelola dalam mensejahterakan para pedagang pasar. Namun menurut Wawan Ridwan, hingga kini tanggung jawab tersebut tak pernah dilakukan. Ia juga mengaku tidak pernah mendapatkan sosialisasi tentang pengelolaan pasar dari pihak pengelola Pasar Baru.
“Sampai saat ini tidak sesuai atau tidak diharapkan oleh para pedagang, begitu masuk tidak ada sosialisasi ke pedagang. Seharusnya mereka itu sosialisasi, dia sebagai tamu, kita penghuni pedagang lama,” ungkap Wawan yang juga pedagang daging sapi di Pasar Baru.
Wawan yang sudah berjualan selama 43 tahun ini membeberkan selama ini tidak ada pekerjaan perbaikan-perbaikan sarana dan prasarana di Pasar Baru, tidak ada promosi untuk meningkatkan kunjungan pembeli. Bahkan pengelola dituding hanya mau mengambil keuntungan sendiri, sementara pedagang dirugikan.
Para pedagang Pasar Baru juga masih merasakan kerugian karena pandemi Covid-19. Pagebluk membuat penghasilan para pedagang menurun drastis hingga 80 persen. Akan tetapi Wawan menyatakan, tidak ada upaya yang dilakukan oleh pengelola dalam mengurangi dampak pagebluk hingga saat ini.
Di saat yang sama, para pedagang masih harus membayar biaya service cash yang mencapai 60.000 rupiah. Jika biaya ini terlambat dibayarkan, maka konsekuensinya listrik di kios pedagang akan dimatikan.
“Pengelolaannya tidak begitu baik, karena dia tidak punya pengalaman pengelolaan pasar tradisional Pasar Baru,” kata Wawan.
Wawan juga khawatir dengan rencana renovasi yang akan dilakukan oleh pengelola ketika SPTB berakhir pada 31 Desember 2023. Pedagang meminta agar renovasi disesuaikan dengan kemampuan pedagang. Tidak perlu dilakukan pembongkaran gedung karena kondisi bangunan Pasar Baru masih bisa bertahan hingga 20 tahun ke depan.
“Pengelola harus punya kewajiban, jangan menuntu hak terus ke pedagang tapi kewajibannya tidak dilaksanakan,” katanya.
Baca Juga: Melupakan Peran Penting PKL dengan Narasi Negatif dari Pemkot Bandung
Cerita Pedagang Pasar Banjaran Penolak Proyek Revitalisasi: Tidak Didengarkan Bupati, Takut Pasar Dibakar
Pasar Kosambi: Terbakar lalu Dihantam Pandemi

Biaya Layanan Memberatkan Pedagang
Para pedagang mengeluhkan semakin sepinya pengunjung Pasar Baru, membuat pendapatan mereka anjlok hingga 80 persen sejak pandemi Covid-19. Dalam kondisi ini, tak ada keringanan biaya layanan dari pihak pengelola.
Pidya Hamidah (43 tahun), salah satu pedagang yang turut serta dalam aksi, mengeluhkan sepinya pengunjung Pasar Baru. Barang dagangan Pidya sering kali tak laku. Bahkan ia sampai kesulitan menggaji karyawan.
“Turun kita omsetnya, ngak ada. Bahkan untuk ngegaji karyawan sudah ga ada. Ada (pedagang) yang ga sanggup gaji karyawan. Kadang bisa nol omset, bisa nggak ada pendapatan sekarang, susah diprediksi sekarang,” keluh Pidya.
Pidya sudah 15 tahun berjualan di Pasar Baru. Ia merasakan betul dampak penurunan penjualan itu. Senada dengan Wawan, ia juga menyoroti pihak pengelola pasar kurang efektif mendatangkan tamu.
“Sekarang apa lagi, sepi banget, biasanya pengunjung luar pulau mancanegara juga ada. Sekarang hanya 20 persenan paling, dari yang dulu ramai,” kata Pidya.
Biaya layanan juga dirasa semakin memberatkan usaha Pidya yang lagi seret. Ia memiliki tiga toko. Biaya layanan masing-masing toko berbeda-beda tergandung luas atau ukuran. Total biaya layanan yang harus dibayar Pidya senila 1,8 juta rupiah per bulannya.
Sebelum pandemi, Pidya sempat mempekerjakan delapan karyawan. Kini karena kondisi penjualan yang tak kunjung normal, ia hanya bisa mempekerjakan setengah dari jumlah karyawannya itu.
Pidya berharap Pemkot Bandung mau memperpanjang SPTB. Selain itu, ada upaya yang dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak berwenang agar Pasar Baru kembali ramai.
Sepi pembeli juga dirasakan pedagang Pasar Baru lainnya seperti Sansan (34 tahun). Perempuan yang bekerja menjaga salah satu toko busana muslimah ini mengeluhkan dagangan di tempat kerjanya banyak yang tak laku. Sansan berharap Pasar Baru kembali ramai seperti dulu. “Terus diturunin service cash-nya,” ucapnya.
COMMENTS
Berita
Cerita
Liputan Khusus
Foto
Video
Podcast
Agenda
Opini
Narasi
Kolom
Literasi
Kampus
Riset
Buku
HAM
Budaya
Komunitas
Ruang Terbuka Hijau
Ketahanan Pangan
Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Nusantara
Dunia
Publik
Pemerintah
Arsip
BandungBergerak.id menerima dengan tangan terbuka tulisan berbentuk esai dari siapa pun tanpa membeda-bedakan latar belakang. Kami justru berharap agar situs ini menjadi wadah pertukaran gagasan. 
Ada beberapa hal yang bisa dijadikan panduan, yakni:
BandungBergerak.id akan memberikan penghargaan dan sertifikat kepada penulis dua esai terpilih setiap bulannya. Penentuan esai terpilih, didasarkan pada mutu tulisan dan tingkat keterbacaan, merupakan kewenangan penuh Redaksi.  
Dengan mengirimkan tulisan ke BandungBergerak.id, penulis menyepakati bahwa Redaksi memiliki kewenangan untuk menyunting tulisan. Sebisa mungkin kami akan memberikan tanggapan untuk setiap penulis yang telah mengirimkan esai mereka. Terlebih mereka yang esainya belum bisa dimuat.  
Kami menunggu! 

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Article Text
PDF
PDF +
Supplementary
Material
Background Mask mandates for children during the COVID-19 pandemic varied in different locations. A risk-benefit analysis of this intervention has not yet been performed. In this study, we performed a systematic review to assess research on the effectiveness of mask wearing in children.
Methods We performed database searches up to February 2023. The studies were screened by title and abstract, and included studies were further screened as full-text references. A risk-of-bias analysis was performed by two independent reviewers and adjudicated by a third reviewer.
Results We screened 597 studies and included 22 in the final analysis. There were no randomised controlled trials in children assessing the benefits of mask wearing to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission. The six observational studies reporting an association between child masking and lower infection rate or antibody seropositivity had critical (n=5) or serious (n=1) risk of bias; all six were potentially confounded by important differences between masked and unmasked groups and two were shown to have non-significant results when reanalysed. Sixteen other observational studies found no association between mask wearing and infection or transmission.
Conclusions Real-world effectiveness of child mask mandates against SARS-CoV-2 transmission or infection has not been demonstrated with high-quality evidence. The current body of scientific data does not support masking children for protection against COVID-19.
Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.
This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-326215
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
Child mask mandates have been extensively used as a public health measure during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Masking recommendations appear to be entirely based on mechanistic and observational data, and a systematic review assessing the evidence has not been performed.
In this systematic review, 16 studies found no effect of mask wearing on infection or trasmission, while six studies reporting a protective assocation had critical or serious risk of bias.
Because benefits of masking for COVID-19 have not been identified, it should be recognised that mask recommendations for children are not supported by scientific evidence.
COVID-19-related policy recommendations should be informed by high-quality evidence and consider the possibility of harm, especially for children, who are vulnerable and an ethically protected group.
Healthcare providers and adults working with children should be educated about the absence of high-quality data supporting masking to lower SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission risks.
Because absence of harm is not established, recommending child masking does not meet the accepted practice of promulgating only medical interventions where benefits clearly outweigh harms.
Mandating masks for children has been one of the most polarising public-health measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two Cochrane reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCT) of masking for prevention of upper respiratory infections failed to find a benefit against infection or transmission.1 2 Most countries have now removed all public mask mandates, while the USA’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and American Academy of Pediatrics continue to recommend masking down to the age of two.3 4 This recommendation appears to be entirely based on observational data finding associations with lower case rates in masked versus unmasked individuals but does not take into account the potential adverse consequences of masking, especially in young children, including but not limited to impact on speech, language, learning, mental health and physiological factors. Seeing mouth movements and facial gestures accelerate word recognition and speech comprehension,5–8 the integration of facial information is important for speech perception,9 10 and recognition of facial expressions is critical for children’s abilities to communicate and understand and show emotions.7 11 12 Mask wearing may also cause breathing difficulties, headaches, dermatitis, general discomfort and pain.2 13–17
There is an urgent need to base pandemic-related policy recommendations on robust scientific data that include risk-benefit analyses, preferably with the long-term goals and the beneficiaries of the intervention clearly defined.18 Ethically, children should be treated as a protected group, where the benefits of any intervention should clearly outweigh harms.
The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the body of literature on mask wearing in children to assess the existing evidence regarding protection offered by face masks against SARS-CoV-2 infection or transmission.
We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the evidence for effectiveness of child mask mandates in reducing transmission or disease severity in COVID-19.
References were identified through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, three major preprint servers (SSRN, MedRxiv and Research Square) and major public health agency publication databases and websites until February 2023 (online supplemental appendix 1). We included primary studies of any design investigating mask effectiveness against COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, infection and disease in individuals <18 years old. Publications of case reports, case series, reviews and comments without new data were excluded, as were studies where age groups were not specified or out of the paediatric range, or when the setting or study objective/design were not applicable. The systematic review was prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality risk of bias (ROB) was estimated using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools,19 a structured approach for assessing the ROB utilising different domains of bias and an overall judgement. All ROB assessments were conducted by two independent reviewers (RD and SNL), and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer (JS).
Our literature search identified 597 publications that were screened by title and abstract. We then screened 40 full-text references and excluded 18 that did not meet the inclusion criteria (figure 1). Details of the screened publications are presented in table 1. The ROB analysis by the two reviewers resulted in 18 differences in ratings and four differences in overall ROB that needed to be adjudicated.
PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Characteristics of included observational studies
To date, there are no RCTs assessing the effects of masking children in reducing COVID-19 transmission or disease. Among the 22 observational studies identified, the overall ROB was critical in six studies (27.2%), serious in 10 studies (45.5%), moderate in five studies (22.7%) and low in none of the studies (table 2). Of the six studies reporting a significant negative correlation between masking and COVID-19 cases, five had critical and one had serious ROB. Of the 16 studies failing to find a significant correlation, 1 (6.3%) had critical, 10 (62.5%) had serious, 5 (31.3%) had moderate and none had low ROB.
All six studies,20 ,21 ,22 ,23 ,24 ,25 reporting a negative assocation were potentially confounded by crucial differences between masked and unmasked groups, including the number of instructional school days, differences in school size, systematic baseline differences in case rates in all phases of the pandemic, testing policies, contact-tracing policy differences and teacher vaccination rates. These confounders—alone and in combination—resulted in a failure to demonstrate an isolated effect of masks themselves. 20–22
One study from Boston found that lifting of school mask mandates was associated with increased number of COVID-19 cases,23 which was questioned upon re-analysis.26 US studies in North Carolina24 and Arizona21 found that mask requirements had negative associations with in-school transmission and COVID-19 outbreaks, respectively. In a 2020 Canadian study published as a preprint, children who did not wear a mask had higher seropositivity than children who wore masks, but the overall seropositivity was low (9/541 or 1.7% in total) and findings were confounded by multiple external factors including social distancing and attendance in schools, social functions and organised sports.25
In a Spanish study of almost 600 000 children, the researchers did not find a significant difference in cases between unmasked 5-year-olds and masked 6-year-olds; instead, case rates correlated closely with the age of children,27 which was also observed in another Spanish study.28 An observational CDC-funded US study20 found no significant association between county-wide mask mandates and paediatric case counts on expanded reanalysis.29 A lack of significant association between masking children and risk of COVID-19 was also reported by the UK Department of Education.30 In three US studies, there was no correlation between mask mandates and COVID-19 rates,31 no significant association between COVID-19 incidence and face mask use,32 and no risk reduction for COVID-19-related outcomes with student mask mandates.33 Spanish and Irish studies have independently observed similar primary-school COVID-19 transmission in young children with or without masking, respectively.28 34 In another CDC study, there was no reduction in COVID-19 incidence in schools requiring student masking compared with those with optional masking.35 When comparing adjacent school districts with and without mask mandates, multiple studies have reported no difference in transmission.36–38 A Finnish study compared case rates in children with and without mask mandates in 10–12 year-olds, and the authors found no reduction in COVID-19 case rates when mask recommendations were extended to include 10–12 year olds.39 Face-mask use among high school athletes was not found to have an impact on transmission.32
To explore the effect on disease severity, there was no association between viral load of index cases with confirmed COVID-19 and disease severity among secondary cases.40 In Sweden, where schools remained open and masks were not required, only 15 of the nearly 2 million children were hospitalised and none died during the spring of 2020; also, the infection rate among teachers was similar to that of other professions.41 In Finland, where children have not worn masks under the age of 10–12 years, no child died from COVID-19.42 In Norway, where masks in schools have not been recommended, in-school transmission was <1% among children and< 2% in child-adult contacts during August–November 2020.43 During a SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak in a US elementary school in May–June 2021, mask use for staff and students in classrooms did not significantly prevent transmission from symptomatic adults, while very few children went on to infect their family members.44 In New York City public schools with more than 1600 schools and 1 million enrolled students, the transmission rate (secondary attack rate) during the Delta variant period (October–December 2021) was estimated to be 0.5%.45
Risk-of-bias rating per study.
In this systematic review on benefits of child masking against SARS-CoV-2, we identified no RCT on the efficacy for use of face masks and the risk of transmission or disease. Among the 22 identified observational studies of masking for prevention of COVID-19, more than 70% of the studies had a critical or serious overall ROB. None of the observational studies reporting a negative correlation between masking and COVID-19 cases had a level of bias that was less than “serious.”
Specifically, of the 6 out of 22 observational studies that reported a significant negative correlation between masking and COVID-19 cases, five had critical and one had serious ROB. Of the 16 out of 22 studies failing to find a significant correlation, only 6.3% had critical ROB, while 62.5% had serious and 31.3% had moderate ROB. Importantly, the largest studies with the lowest ROB did not identify a benefit from masking.27 28 30 The study (currently in preprint publication) with the most robust internal control showed no benefit from a mask mandate.38 Observational studies reporting a negative association between masking and COVID-19 rates have failed to demonstrate a benefit when confounding factors have adequately been considered.20–24 Larger observational studies,28 31 including a regression-discontinuity analysis39 and a more robust reanalysis29 of a prior publication,20 as well as other observational studies,27 30 32–38 41–44 failed to find benefit of masking against COVID-19. Observational studies in adults also repeatedly fail to properly adjust for confounding factors to avoid bias.46–48 Furthermore, the Boston observational study23 stated they could infer causality between lifting school mask mandates and increases in student and staff cases by using a difference-in-differences technique. However, a subsequent reanalysis called the methodology and results of this study into question and failed to find the same association when expanding the population to include the entire state or using different statistical analysis and also found the initial study’s results were likely confounded by differences in prior infection rates.26
Observational studies have also failed to find an association between voluntary mask wearing among adults in schools and lower odds of COVID-19 in the school49 or between mask mandates or mask use and reduced transmission.50 In addition, a systematic review showed a 10-fold lower secondary attack rate in schools compared with community/household settings.51
In adults, there are only a limited number of published RCTs of mask wearing and COVID-19 prevention. DANMASK-19 failed to find a 50% reduction in COVID-19 infections in surgical mask wearers in the community.52 A cluster RCT in Bangladesh found no effect of community cloth masking on COVID-19 infections, no reduction from surgical masking for anyone under age 50, and only a marginal reduction among >50-year olds and in the context of observer-enforced physical distancing,53 an association that was found to be insignificant after re-analysis.54 In a predominantly adult cluster RCT of almost 40, 000 participants from age 10 and up (but not reported by age group and, therefore, not included in our systematic review), there was no difference in COVID-19-like illness or mortality between masked and unmasked groups.55 A Cochrane systematic review published in 2020 similarly found use of surgical masks and respirators in adults to have ‘little to no effect’ on the transmission of respiratory viruses, while side effects included discomfort.1 In the 2023 updated version that included COVID-19, these conclusions remained unchanged.2
Perpetual masking in early childhood is without historical precedent. In children, the harms associated with masking are often challenging to identify, measure and quantify with correlational studies, and many of these outcomes will take years to fully evaluate. An extensive body of research has found harms associated with mask wearing or mask requirements in children.56 These associated harms include negative impacts on speech, language and learning. Mask wearing causes reduced word identification57–59 and impedes the ability to teach and evaluate speech.60 There is a link between observation of the mouth and language processing, and people of all ages continue to focus on the mouth when listening to non-native speech.61 The sensitive period for language development is through age 4, and development of connected speech is ongoing beyond age 10.62
Mask wearing may also impact mental health and social-emotional well-being by limiting the ability to accurately interpret emotions, particularly in younger children.63–66 There is also evidence that masks hinder social-emotional learning and language/literacy development in young children.67 Children with special-education needs and autism may be disproportionately impacted by mask requirements as they rely heavily on facial expressions to pick up social cues.68 Misinterpretation of facial expressions increases anxiety and depression in individuals.69 School environments with mask mandates were also found to have increased anxiety levels compared to those without mandates.70 In addition, mask wearing has been associated with physiological harm2 13 13–17—many of which are more frequently reported in children than in adults2 17 71—which may have multiple negative downstream effects, including reduced time and intensity of exercise, additional sick days, reduced learning capacity, and increased anxiety. Masking has also been found to lead to rapid increase in CO₂ content in inhaled air—higher in children than in adults—and to levels above acceptable safety standards for healthy adult workers, which may rise further with physical exertion.72–74
In medicine, new interventions with unknown benefit but known or potential risks cannot be ethically recommended or enforced until absence of harm is demonstrated. Rather, the accepted standard is that an intervention should only be employed after benefit has been demonstrated, ideally through an RCT, together with safety data to ensure that proven benefits outweigh harms. The burden of proof to show that an intervention is both safe and beneficial is the responsibility of the person, institution or body implementing and recommending that intervention.75
In this systematic review, we fail to find any evidence of benefit from masking children, to either protect themselves or those around them, from COVID-19. Harms of masking may include affected speech, language and emotional development, and physical discomfort contributing to reduced time and intensity of exercise and learning activities, and the long-term effects are too early to be measured. Adults who work with children should be educated about the lack of clear benefits and the potential harms of masking children, and there is no scientific evidence supporting a recommendation for masking in these professions.
In summary, child mask mandates fail a basic risk-benefit analysis. Recommending child masking to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is unsupported by current scientific data and inconsistent with accepted ethical norms that aim to provide additional protection from harm for vulnerable populations.
Data are available upon reasonable request. All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.
Twitter @shamezladhani
Contributors JS, RD, SNL, KS, JN and TBH participated in the search selection and directly accessed and verified the underlying data reported in the manuscript. JS wrote the first draft of the manuscript, with input from RD, SNL, KS, JN and TBH. JS is guarantor.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.
Online ISSN: 1468-2044Print ISSN: 0003-9888
Copyright © 2023 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. All rights reserved.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Indonesia.go.id – Kesiapan Pemerintah Hadapi Wabah Pneumonia  Portal Informasi Indonesia
source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

IHSG ditutup menguat 7,25 poin atau 0,10 persen ke posisi 7.100,85.

REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, JAKARTA — Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada Selasa (5/12/2023) sore, ditutup menguat di tengah pelemahan bursa saham kawasan Asia. IHSG ditutup menguat 7,25 poin atau 0,10 persen ke posisi 7.100,85. Sementara kelompok 45 saham unggulan atau indeks LQ45 naik 0,61 poin atau 0,06 persen ke posisi 940,75.

“Penguatan IHSG hari ini berada di tengah pelemahan bursa global dan Asia, dan sepanjang hari tadi IHSG juga bergerak cenderung terkoreksi,” ujar Analis MNC Sekuritas Herditya Wicaksana di Jakarta, Selasa (5/12/2023).

Didit, sapaan akrab Herditya Wicaksana, memperkirakan pergerakan IHSG juga dipengaruhi oleh penguatan dari IDX Healthcare (sektor kesehatan), yang mana perusahaan sektor kesehatan bergerak menguat karena adanya kekhawatiran setelah melonjaknya kembali kasus Covid-19 di Singapura dan Malaysia.

Namun demikian, di sisi lain, pergerakan nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar Amerika Serikat (AS) yang melemah, dan meningkatnya kembali yield US Treasury Note 10 tahun menjadi pemberat IHSG.

Dibuka melemah, IHSG bergerak ke teritori positif sampai penutupan sesi pertama perdagangan saham. Pada sesi kedua, IHSG betah di zona hijau hingga penutupan perdagangan saham.

Berdasarkan Indeks Sektoral IDX-IC, enam sektor meningkat yaitu dipimpin sektor kesehatan sebesar 2,32 persen, diikuti sektor barang baku dan sektor barang konsumen primer yang masing-masing naik sebesar 0,69 persen dan 0,49 persen.

Sedangkan, lima sektor turun yaitu sektor teknologi turun paling dalam minus 0,28 persen, diikuti sektor barang konsumen non primer dan sektor transportasi dan logistik yang masing-masing turun sebesar 0,82 persen dan 0,56 persen.

Saham-saham yang mengalami penguatan terbesar yaitu PTRO, KAEF, PEHA, PRIM dan IRRA. Sedangkan saham-saham yang mengalami pelemahan terbesar, yakni SKLT, GJTL, SMIL, SMKM, dan FWCT.

Frekuensi perdagangan saham tercatat sebanyak 1.484.767 kali transaksi dengan jumlah saham yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 37,21 miliar lembar saham senilai Rp 13,38 triliun. Sebanyak 223 saham naik, 316 saham menurun, dan 226 tidak bergerak nilainya.

Bursa saham regional Asia sore ini antara lain, indeks Nikkei melemah 455,50 poin atau 1,37 persen ke 32.775,80, indeks Hang Seng melemah 318,19 poin atau 1,91 persen ke 16.327,86, indeks Shanghai melemah 50,61 poin atau 1,67 persen ke 2.972,30 indeks Strait Times melemah 6,92 poin atau 0,22 persen ke 3.077,16.
(QS. Al-Baqarah ayat 104)
Jl. Warung Buncit Raya No 37 Jakarta Selatan 12510
Phone: 021 780 3747
Email:
[email protected] (Redaksi)
[email protected] ( Marketing )
[email protected] ( Kerjasama )
[email protected] ( Customer Care )
Copyright © 2023. Republika.co.id. All rights reserved.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Share this article
A man employed by Te Whatu Ora who is accused of dishonestly taking vaccination data that later spread rapidly on the internet had been granted bail.
Barry Young, 56, appeared in the Wellington District Court twice today, receiving a standing ovation from a full public gallery at his first procedural appearance this morning.
He returned to the dock this afternoon so a bail application could be heard. His application for an immediate release on bail was denied.
But Judge Andrew Nicholls did grant bail, as long as Young is released at 1pm tomorrow.
The reason for the delayed release cannot be reported due to statutory non-publication orders in the Bail Act. The conditions of Young’s bail were not read to the court.
The data allegedly taken by Young rapidly garnered both local and international attention over the weekend, after initially being shared by conspiracy theorist and former political candidate Liz Gunn.
After a police complaint from Te Whatu Ora, Young was arrested yesterday and charged with dishonestly accessing a computer.
As Young was taken back to the cells after his first appearance, he shouted “freedom” to the public gallery.
Known anti-vaccination activist Billy Te Kahika was in court supporting Young, while Counterspin Media’s Kelvyn Alp remained outside.
Te Whatu Ora was granted an urgent injunction on Friday to prevent the spread of the data, chief executive Margie Apa said.
“The data, as published on an overseas site, appears to have been anonymised. Analysis of the released data is ongoing, but work so far has not found any National Health Index Numbers or personally identifiable information.”
Apa said an injunction had been used to have information taken down from an overseas website and cyber security specialists are continuing to scan extensively for any other places where the information may appear.
“We sought and were granted an injunction through the Employment Relations Authority that prevents any publication of the data to ensure that we can take all steps to protect the privacy of individuals.
“The individual has worked in the health system for a number of years. He was authorised to access data as part of his work and was locked out of our systems as soon as we became aware of the unauthorised use,” Apa said.
He had been employed since the inception of Te Whatu Ora last year.
“We take the security of our data very seriously and are extremely disappointed at this gross breach of trust by this individual and his alleged involvement in spreading harmful misinformation.
“We can assure the public that we are doing everything we can to respond to this incident and to safeguard their information.”
The data has since garnered international attention online, and was the subject of a question in the UK’s House of Commons over the weekend from an MP critical of the vaccine.
Speaking to media this morning, Labour leader Chris Hipkins said the breach was worrying.
“I am pretty concerned about the momentum building behind some of these conspiracy theories. They’re not grounded in fact.”
Asked if there needed to be stronger vetting of employees in roles dealing with sensitive information, Hipkins said vetting should be paired with security systems.
“I think if they’re going to be handling people’s private and personal information including their health data, there needs to be a pretty rigorous system in place, which includes vetting people and systems that stop people from extracting large amounts of data.”
Ethan Griffiths covers crime and justice stories nationwide for Open Justice. He joined NZME in 2020, previously working as a regional reporter in Whanganui and South Taranaki.
Share this article
Police say the man was at large for 15 weeks before his arrest.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Share this article
A man arrested in connection with a mass privacy breach of Covid-19 vaccination data is due to appear in the Wellington District Court today.
The appearance comes after Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand launched an employment investigation, accusing a health sector worker of spreading misinformation using government data about Covid-19 vaccines.
A 56-year-old man was arrested yesterday afternoon in relation to the “unauthorised disclosure and misuse of data”, police said.
He is charged with accessing a computer system for dishonest purposes.
“As the case is before the court, police cannot comment further,” police said.
A man believed to be a Te Whatu Ora staff member was interviewed on a New Zealand conspiracy theory site last week. He claimed he developed a database for the vaccine rollout and quoted from that work.
Former TV presenter and conspiracy theorist Liz Gunn took to X, formerly Twitter, yesterday to report police surrounded the “whistleblower’s” house at 2.15pm and that an arrest was imminent.
On Sunday, the ministry said the staff member had no clinical background or expert vaccine knowledge, and there was no evidence vaccination was responsible for “excess mortality in New Zealand”.
It’s alleged an individual downloaded a large amount of vaccine-related information, Te Whatu Ora chief executive Margie Apa said.
“The data, as published on an overseas site, appears to have been anonymised. Analysis of the released data is ongoing, but work so far has not found any National Health Index Numbers or personally identifiable information.”
Apa said an injunction had been used to have information taken down from an overseas website and cyber security specialists are continuing to scan extensively for any other places where the information may appear.
“We sought and were granted an injunction through the Employment Relations Authority that prevents any publication of the data to ensure that we can take all steps to protect the privacy of individuals.”
An employment investigation was also under way and the person was no longer at work, Apa said.
“The individual has worked in the health system for a number of years. He was authorised to access data as part of his work and was locked out of our systems as soon as we became aware of the unauthorised use,” Apa said.
He had been employed since the inception of Te Whatu Ora last year.
She said the organisation took data security very seriously. It was “extremely disappointed at this gross breach of trust” and the alleged spreading of harmful misinformation.
“We can assure the public that we are doing everything we can to respond to this incident and to safeguard their information.”
She said a thorough investigation is under way.
“What this individual is trying to claim about vaccines is completely wrong and ill-informed, and their comments demonstrate this. The person has no clinical background or expert vaccine knowledge and appears to be trying to spread misinformation,” Apa said.
“Vaccination is safe and effective, and everyone should keep up to date with their shots to protect themselves, whānau and their communities.”
She assured people there was no evidence whatsoever that vaccination is responsible for excess mortality in New Zealand.
“We have had a team working through the weekend to respond to this incident and are working closely with other agencies, including the National Cyber Security Centre, police, Department of Internal Affairs and Office of the Privacy Commissioner,” Apa said.
“We have also been offering advice and support to some individual pharmacies and vaccination sites that were identified in an early video published in relation to the unauthorised disclosure and misuse of data.”
Share this article
Police say the man was at large for 15 weeks before his arrest.

source
Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu