Timnas Brasil melaju ke perempat final usai gasak Tunisia 4-1

Jakarta (ANTARA) – Timnas Brasil melaju ke perempat final Piala Dunia U-20 2023 setelah melumat Tunisia 4-1 dalam laga 16 besar di Estadio Ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Airos, Argentina pada Kamis dini hari.

Andrey Santos mengemas dua gol untuk Brasil dalam pertandingan itu, gol lainnya masing-masing dicetak oleh Marcos Leonardo dan Matheus Martins. Mahmoud Ghorbel mencetak gol hiburan untuk Tunisia di masa injury time.

Kemenangan tersebut membuat Brasil akan berhadapan tim debutan Piala Dunia U-20, Israel di perempat final, setelah mereka menyingkirkan Uzbekistan pada babak 16 besar, demikian catatan laman resmi FIFA.

Brasil langsung mendapatkan hadiah penalti setelah Savio dilanggar kiper Dries Arfaoui. Marcos Leando manjadi eksekutor dan sukses mengecoh Arfaoui dengan menendang bola ke tengah. Skor menjadi 1-0 pada menit ke-10.

Baca juga: Argentina dan Amerika Serikat lolos ke 16 besar Piala Dunia U-20

Tim Samba menggandakan keunggulan mereka pada menit ke-30. Bermula dari sebuah serangan dari sisi kanan, bola diterima Leandor yang kemudian memberikan umpan ke Santos sebelum melepaskan dari kawalan bek Tunisia dan menendang bola masuk ke gawang Arfaoui. Kedudukan menjadi 2-0.

Brasil harus terpaksa bermain dengan 10 orang setelah Robert Renan mendapatkan kartu merah langsung karena menarik Mohamed Dhaoi.

Tunisia gagal memanfaatkan keunggulan jumlah pemain untuk mencetak gol. Babak pertama berakhir dengan skor 2-0 untuk Brasil.

Brasil mulai sering mendapatkan tekanan oleh Tunisia pada babak kedua, tetapi buruknya penyelesaian akhir masih membuat tim Amerika Selatan itu tetap unggul.

Pada menit ke-90, Brasil justru bisa menambah keunggulan mereka berkat gol Matheus Martins. Gomes memberikan umpan terobosan ke Martins yang menusuk ke kotak penalti sebelum menendang bola dari sudut sempit. Tunisia tertinggal 3-0.

Masih belum puas, Brasil menambah keunggulan mereka menjadi 4-0 pada menit ke-99. Giovane memberikan umpan ke Santos yang kemudian menggiring bola hingga kotak penalti sebelum melepaskan sepakan keras tak terbendung oleh Arfaoui.

Tunisia mencetak gol hiburan menjelang akhir pertandingan. Sebuah kemelut terjadi di depan gawang Brasil, tetapi goal rebound berhasil dicocor masuk ke gawang Kaique Pereira.

Gol tersebut sekaligus mengakhiri pertandingan tersebut. Brasil menang 4-1 atas Tunisia dan berhak melaju ke babak selanjutnya.

Baca juga: Hoaks! FIFA setujui final Piala Dunia U-20 digelar di Jakarta

Pewarta: Hendri Sukma Indrawan
Editor: Roy Rosa Bachtiar
COPYRIGHT © ANTARA 2023

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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Does covid-19 affect pregnancies and do the vaccines reduce any risks? – New Scientist

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The coronavirus has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but vaccines help to keep mothers and babies safe
By Michael Marshall
30 May 2023

A pregnant woman walking in Hong Kong in March 2020

A pregnant woman walking in Hong Kong in March 2020

ANTHONY WALLACE/AFP via Getty Images

A pregnant woman walking in Hong Kong in March 2020
ANTHONY WALLACE/AFP via Getty Images
Being pregnant at the height of the covid-19 pandemic was profoundly challenging. Many had to give birth without their partners present and new parents found themselves locked down with little or no outside support. On top of this, there was the fear of covid-19 itself. At the start of the pandemic, we had hardly any information about how the infection affected pregnancies or newborns. But, three years on, we have a much clearer picture – and it particularly supports vaccination.


Read more:
The covid-19 virus affects our gut – but we still don't know how
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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Parin lanjutkan dominasi di pucuk klasemen Junior World Championship

Jakarta (ANTARA) –

Pegolf Thailand Parin Sarasmut melanjutkan dominasinya pada pucuk klasemen boys overall Mandiri Ciputra Golfpreneur Junior World Championship 2023, pada putaran kedua yang dimainkan di Damai Indah Golf Course, Jakarta, Rabu sore.

 

Meski tidak mampu mengulangi penampilan gemilangnya pada putaran pertama, namun pegolf 14 tahun itu masih mampu bermain 2 under 70 untuk mempertahankan posisinya di puncak klasemen.

“Hari ini pukulan saya sebenarnya tidak begitu jelek. Tapi putting saya sedikit bermasalah, bahkan dari jarak sekitar 1,8 meter,” kata Parin seperti dikutip dari keterangan tertulis turnamen.

 

Bermain dari hole 1, Parin baru mampu mencatatkan birdie pada hole ketujuh, untuk dapat menyelesaikan sembilan hole pertamanya dengan catatan 1-under. Ia kemudian mencatatkan dua birdie dan satu bogey di empat hole terakhirnya untuk mengukir skor 70 dari skor total 132.

 

 

Saat ini Parin masih menggenggam keunggulan lima stroke dari pesaing terdekat sekaligus kompatriotnya, Kittada Kosalutta, yang juga mengukir skor 2 under 70 melalui empat birdie dan dua bogey. Kittada saat ini berada di posisi kedua dengan skor total 7 under 137.

 

Sementara itu, wakil tuan rumah Teuku Husein M. Danindra masih berpeluang mengukir kejutan dan memenangi turnamen. Husein yang baru pertama kali mengikuti turnamen tersebut berhasil mencatatkan enam birdie dengan tiga bogey untuk mengoleksi skor 69.

 

Husein yang mengawali permainan di hole 1, langsung mencatatkan dua birdie secara beruntun di dua hole berikutnya. Ia kemudian mencatatkan birdie ketiga dan keempatnya pada hole 6 dan 8. Sayangnya Husein melakukan dua bogey pada tiga hole terakhir, yang membuatnya harus puas dengan catatan 3-under. Husein pun kini menduduki posisi ketiga dengan selisih tujuh pukulan dari pemuncak klasemen, dan skor total 139.

 

Pada kategori putri, terjadi perubahan di puncak klasemen pada putaran kedua. Pegolf Indonesia Elaine Widjaja harus merelakan posisinya diambil oleh Chen Xing Tong, dan kini menduduki posisi kedua dengan skor even par 72, dan skor total 142.

 

Chen Xing Tong sendiri mencatatkan skor 4 under 68, untuk membuatnya mengoleksi skor total 141.

 

Elaine gagal mendapatkan birdie pada tujuh hole pertamanya, ia bahkan mencatatkan bogey pada hole 8. Meski demikian Elaine mampu bangkit untuk mengukir birdie pada hole 9.

 

Pegolf yang turut bermain di SEA Games 2023 itu kemudian mencatatkan bogey pada hole 11 dan 15. Namun Elaine mampu mencatatkan birdie pada hole terakhir, untuk menjaga peluangnya meraih gelar juara.

 

“Awalnya saya merasa kesulitan mengeksekusi pukulan approach, tapi permainan saya masih terbantu oleh chipping saya. Dalam posisi 2-over, saya akhirnya bisa melakukan pukulan approach yang lumayan bagus di hole 17 sehingga bisa memasukkan putt birdie di sana,” kata Elaine.

Baca juga: Max incar posisi 15 besar pada Junior World Championship 2023

Pewarta: A Rauf Andar Adipati
Editor: Roy Rosa Bachtiar
COPYRIGHT © ANTARA 2023

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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

New Study: Even Mild COVID-19 Can Have Long-Term Detrimental Effects on Heart Health – SciTechDaily

By

COVID 19 Omicron Mutation

A recent study has found that even mild cases of COVID-19 can have lasting negative effects on cardiovascular health.

A groundbreaking study conducted a comparison of arterial stiffness between participants before and after contracting

The study is the first comparison of levels of arterial stiffness before and after a COVID-19 infection, a parameter closely tied to the aging process and performance of our arteries. The lingering effects of a COVID-19 infection, often referred to as long COVID, are connected with a heightened risk of

An international team of scientists was able to do this research using baseline measurements from a group of participants involved in a separate study that began pre-pandemic, also investigating arterial stiffness.

In those who had been diagnosed with mild COVID-19, artery and central cardiovascular function were affected by the disease two to three months after infection. Side effects include stiffer and more dysfunctional arteries that could lead to cardiovascular disease development.

The paper, published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, revealed age and time from COVID infection are associated with increased aging of the arteries.

Co-author, Dr Maria Perissiou from the University of Portsmouth’s School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, said: “We were surprised to observe such a decline in vascular health, which deteriorated even further with time since COVID-19 infection. Usually, you’d expect inflammation to decrease with time after infection, and for all the physiological functions to go back to normal or a healthy level.

“We can only speculate on what causes this phenomenon without further investigation, but emerging evidence suggests that it stems from COVID-19 triggering the auto-immune process that leads to vasculature deterioration.”

While COVID-19 has been associated with a type of acute heart failure and vascular dysfunction, the long-term consequences of the disease on vascular health still need to be explored.

The study was part of the University of Split’s NormPreven project funded by the Croatian Science Foundation, and the team formation was facilitated by EU COST VascAgeNet action.

Participants were monitored between October 2019 and April 2022 in the Laboratory for Vascular Aging at the University of Split School of Medicine.

Most were young, less than 40 years old, and healthy. Only nine percent of the group had high blood pressure, and none had high cholesterol. Two were diabetic, and 78 percent did not smoke. The group was also almost an even split between males (56 percent) and females (44 percent).

Professor Ana Jeroncic from the University of Split, who led the study, said: “Given the number of people infected with COVID-19 worldwide, the fact that infection can have harmful effects on cardiovascular health in young people who had a mild form of the disease warrants close monitoring.

“The question remains as to whether this harmful effect is irreversible or permanent, and if not, for how long it lasts.”

Dr. Perissiou added: “This study, while small, does support the prediction amongst vascular physiologists that we’ll have an increase in cardiovascular disease in the future as a result of COVID-19 infections. But we have to consider what other variables would have contributed to this increase.”

The paper concludes the results have important implications for understanding the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection and may guide prevention and management strategies for associated vascular disease.

However, it recommends further research is needed to strengthen our understanding of causes and contributing factors.

Reference: “Long-Term Adverse Effects of Mild COVID-19 Disease on Arterial Stiffness, and Systemic and Central Hemodynamics: A Pre-Post Study” by Mario Podrug, Pjero Koren, Edita Dražić Maras, Josip Podrug, Viktor Čulić, Maria Perissiou, Rosa Maria Bruno, Ivana Mudnić, Mladen Boban and Ana Jerončić, 8 March 2023, Journal of Clinical Medicine.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062123

A recent study has found that even mild cases of COVID-19 can have lasting negative effects on cardiovascular health.
A groundbreaking study conducted a comparison of arterial stiffness between participants before and after contracting cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. It is caused by a variety of factors, including lifestyle choices (such as smoking and poor diet), genetics, and underlying medical conditions (such as high blood pressure and diabetes). Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, but can often be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes, medications, and medical procedures such as bypass surgery and angioplasty.

” data-gt-translate-attributes='[{“attribute”:”data-cmtooltip”, “format”:”html”}]’>cardiovascular disease, dementia, and in severe scenarios, death.

An international team of scientists was able to do this research using baseline measurements from a group of participants involved in a separate study that began pre-pandemic, also investigating arterial stiffness.
In those who had been diagnosed with mild COVID-19, artery and central cardiovascular function were affected by the disease two to three months after infection. Side effects include stiffer and more dysfunctional arteries that could lead to cardiovascular disease development.
The paper, published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, revealed age and time from COVID infection are associated with increased aging of the arteries.
Co-author, Dr Maria Perissiou from the University of Portsmouth’s School of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, said: “We were surprised to observe such a decline in vascular health, which deteriorated even further with time since COVID-19 infection. Usually, you’d expect inflammation to decrease with time after infection, and for all the physiological functions to go back to normal or a healthy level.
“We can only speculate on what causes this phenomenon without further investigation, but emerging evidence suggests that it stems from COVID-19 triggering the auto-immune process that leads to vasculature deterioration.”
While COVID-19 has been associated with a type of acute heart failure and vascular dysfunction, the long-term consequences of the disease on vascular health still need to be explored.
The study was part of the University of Split’s NormPreven project funded by the Croatian Science Foundation, and the team formation was facilitated by EU COST VascAgeNet action.
Participants were monitored between October 2019 and April 2022 in the Laboratory for Vascular Aging at the University of Split School of Medicine.
Most were young, less than 40 years old, and healthy. Only nine percent of the group had high blood pressure, and none had high cholesterol. Two were diabetic, and 78 percent did not smoke. The group was also almost an even split between males (56 percent) and females (44 percent).
Professor Ana Jeroncic from the University of Split, who led the study, said: “Given the number of people infected with COVID-19 worldwide, the fact that infection can have harmful effects on cardiovascular health in young people who had a mild form of the disease warrants close monitoring.
“The question remains as to whether this harmful effect is irreversible or permanent, and if not, for how long it lasts.”
Dr. Perissiou added: “This study, while small, does support the prediction amongst vascular physiologists that we’ll have an increase in cardiovascular disease in the future as a result of COVID-19 infections. But we have to consider what other variables would have contributed to this increase.”
The paper concludes the results have important implications for understanding the long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19 infection and may guide prevention and management strategies for associated vascular disease.
However, it recommends further research is needed to strengthen our understanding of causes and contributing factors.
Reference: “Long-Term Adverse Effects of Mild COVID-19 Disease on Arterial Stiffness, and Systemic and Central Hemodynamics: A Pre-Post Study” by Mario Podrug, Pjero Koren, Edita Dražić Maras, Josip Podrug, Viktor Čulić, Maria Perissiou, Rosa Maria Bruno, Ivana Mudnić, Mladen Boban and Ana Jerončić, 8 March 2023, Journal of Clinical Medicine.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062123


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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

DeSantis Attacks Trump: He ‘Destroyed Millions of Lives’ – Rolling Stone

By Nikki McCann Ramirez
Fresh off a bungled campaign launch, newly minted 2024 presidential candidate Ron DeSantis is making the media rounds — and throwing jabs at Republican frontrunner Donald Trump. 
During a Thursday interview with Glenn Beck, DeSantis accused Trump of having “destroyed millions of people’s lives” during the Covid-19 pandemic by “turning the country over to Fauci.”
Desantis says Trump “destroyed millions of people’s lives” when he “turned the country over to Fauci.” pic.twitter.com/nvuyuECwiK
DeSantis did not acknowledge the more-than 1.1 million American who have actually died from Covid, a number that would have undoubtedly been far greater if preventative measures weren’t put into place. Despite DeSantis’ claims that Florida’s anti-lockdown policies were successful in combating Covid, the state still experienced high Covid mortality rates compared to the rest of the nation. 
DeSantis is needling Trump a day after the former president relentlessly mocked his campaign launch on Twitter Spaces being ruined by a myriad of technical issues. “Wow! The DeSanctus TWITTER launch is a DISASTER!,” the former president wrote on Truth Social. “His whole campaign will be a disaster. WATCH!”

Trump also released an attack ad knocking Ron DeSantis as an off-brand imitator of his own style and policies. The Florida governor isn’t doing much to dispel the notion. In a separate appearance Thursday, on “The Clay Travis & Buck Sexton Show,” DeSantis said he would consider pardoning Jan. 6 defendants. 
DeSantis told the hosts that he would “use the pardon power” to clear the records of Jan. 6 defendants he feels were unfairly prosecuted by the federal government. “On day one,” DeSantis said, “I will have folks that will get together and look at all these cases [of] people are victims of weaponization or political targeting and we will be aggressive in issuing pardons.”
Ron DeSantis says he would consider pardoning Jan. 6 rioters and Donald Trump if he wins in 2024. pic.twitter.com/EeWkqAjg9v
“It will be done on a case-by-case basis,” DeSantis added. 

Trending

When asked if that promise would extend to Trump the candidate said that “any example of disfavored treatment based on politics or weaponization would be included in that review, no matter how small or how big.” 
Trump may indeed need a pardon. The former president is already facing criminal charges in New York related to his 2016 hush money payment to Stormy Daniels. As previously reported by Rolling Stone, Trump’s lawyers are already prepping the former president for a second indictment on federal charges related to a probe into the Mar-a-Lago classified documents scandal. 
We want to hear it. Send us a tip using our anonymous form.
Rolling Stone is a part of Penske Media Corporation. © 2023 Rolling Stone, LLC. All rights reserved.

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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

One-third of Mass. residents struggle with hunger, new report finds – The Boston Globe

“Feeding a growing child and two adults in this economy is tough.”
“Buying fruits and veggies has gotten so much more expensive.”
“Do you have to buy groceries instead of paying for your medicine? I have to make that choice most of the time.”
A new report released Tuesday from the Greater Boston Food Bank is chock-full of such stories and a litany of sobering findings: In 2022, one in three adults in Massachusetts experienced limited or uncertain access to adequate food, also known as food insecurity. And 20 percent had “very low” food security, meaning their eating patterns were disrupted for a prolonged period. More than a third of households said a child in their family has skipped a meal — or several — in the past 12 months due to lack of food. Among Black, Hispanic, and LGBTQ+ households, those numbers are higher.
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It’s a sign that the record levels of hunger first seen during the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to wane and are in fact still rising. Soaring grocery costs continue to squeeze residents across the Commonwealth and drive more people to food pantries and federal assistance programs than ever before. Respondents of the survey — administered in collaboration with Mass General Brigham — frequently reported having to choose between buying food and other essentials. Seventy percent of those reporting food insecurity paid for a utility bill rather than a meal; more than 60 percent prioritized transportation or medical care ahead of food.
In May 2022, the food bank found 32 percent of Massachusetts adults to be food insecure. This year, it’s 33 percent.
Food bank chief executive Catherine D’Amato called the results “shocking, but not surprising.”
“The data is the data is the data,” she said. “It doesn’t lie, and that’s what is most profound for a state the size of Massachusetts. We’re a small state with really good resources [and] places people want to come. The best healthcare, the best colleges, the best everything. Why are we not the best food-secure state?”
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Researchers and aid organizers point to a few explanations.
The end of the pandemic public health emergency brought the rollback of benefits that had been expanded in the initial years of COVID. President Biden allowed participants of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP, to receive the maximum allotment offered for two years. It led to a statewide average increase of $151.46 each month per household until the expansion ended in April, leaving a swath of needy families without a safety net. Governor Maura Healey used state funding to provide about $60 a month to help fill the gap for three additional months, but that program, too, is slated to end on June 2.
Add that to unprecedented inflation, stagnant wages, and the ever-growing cost of housing in the state, and “the math doesn’t add up,” said Erin McAleer, chief executive of the Boston food assistance charity Project Bread. “Folks who make minimum wage and work 40 hours a week — they come home with $2,000 a month. Forget food. You can’t really afford much else but your apartment.”
Then comes the precarious economy, D’Amato said. The threat of a recession lurks constantly, and the money from pandemic relief and stimulus checks issued in 2020 and 2021 has long since run out. State lawmakers prolonged the free school lunch program for this school year with $110 million, but that’s not permanent either.
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Now worries are flourishing among advocates that things could go from bad to worse. And the GBFB survey — administered in January, before the expanded federal SNAP benefits expired — is far from reassuring.
Central and Western Massachusetts residents experienced food insecurity at higher rates than the more populous and job-rich eastern parts of the state, at 41 and 39 percent respectively. But people from Northampton to Nahant are skimping to stay full. Forty-one percent of food-insecure respondents said they sold personal property to afford produce, and 30 percent watered down food or infant formula for children amid a severe shortage that began last spring and sent formula prices to the stratosphere.
“It’s a constant cycle of, ‘What can I get by on?’” said Dr. Lauren Fiechtner, director of nutrition at MassGeneral Hospital for Children and an adviser of health and research at GBFB. “‘What can I make work?’”
The growing need has led more people to what resources do exist — a silver lining amid the gloom, Fiechtner said. Over half of food-insecure respondents were enrolled for SNAP or accessed a food pantry last year, up from around a fourth in 2019. Usage of the National School Lunch Program among respondents boomed, up to 73 percent in 2022 from 27 percent prepandemic.
Yet even that is not enough. Nearly 60 percent of SNAP users reported that they would need $100 or more each week to meet their household’s food needs. The same goes for WIC, the SNAP-style program for women and children, said one Hampden County woman who responded to the survey anonymously.
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“WIC doesn’t provide enough for a month, especially if you have a baby with formula feeds,” she said.
It all ultimately lands on the organizations working to help, said Tim Cavaretta, interim director of operations at Food for Free, a Somerville nonprofit that redistributes uneaten produce and pantry staples. A 3,000-square-foot space the group moved into in 2020 quickly felt too small, forcing it to move within a few months to someplace four times as big. And Food for Free now distributes four times as much food as it did prepandemic — from 2 million pounds to 8 million — even though produce prices have climbed sharply.
“We, almost every day, get requests to see if we have more food we can bring to our partners,” Cavaretta said. “We’re hearing from organizations that would like to become partners with us. And we have to tell them we just don’t have the capacity.”
In the long run, Fiechtner said, it is not just access to food that matters, but the way food is intrinsically linked to health outcomes. SNAP recipients are twice as likely to report anxiety and depression than the general population, the GBFB report found. Food insecurity also drives up levels of hypertension, heart disease, and food allergies.
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The only way to avoid such outcomes, according to one respondent, is for the flow of resources to continue — whether that be increased SNAP allotments or something else.
“Rents are skyrocketing and so is the cost of bills but the threshold of SNAP has not been raised,” a Bristol County woman told the survey. “My dollar earned has not changed but it buys less now.”
Diti Kohli can be reached at diti.kohli@globe.com.Follow her on Twitter @ditikohli_.
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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Covid: Top Chinese scientist says don’t rule out lab leak – BBC

The possibility the Covid virus leaked from a laboratory should not be ruled out, a former top Chinese government scientist has told BBC News.
As head of China's Centre for Disease Control (CDC), Prof George Gao played a key role in the pandemic response and efforts to trace its origins.
China's government dismisses any suggestion the disease may have originated in a Wuhan laboratory.
But Prof Gao is less forthright.
In an interview for the BBC Radio 4 podcast Fever: The Hunt for Covid's Origin, Prof Gao says: "You can always suspect anything. That's science. Don't rule out anything."
A world-leading virologist and immunologist, Prof Gao is now president of China's International Institute of Vaccine Innovation after retiring from the CDC last year.
In a possible sign that the Chinese government may have taken the lab leak theory more seriously than its official statements suggest, Prof Gao also tells the BBC some kind of formal investigation into the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) was carried out.
"The government organised something," he says, but adds that it did not involve his own department, the China CDC.
We asked him to clarify whether that meant another branch of government carried out a formal search of the WIV – one of China's top national laboratories, known to have spent years studying coronaviruses.
"Yeah," he replies, "that lab was double-checked by the experts in the field."
It's the first such acknowledgement that some kind of official investigation took place, but while Prof Gao says he has not seen the result, he has "heard" that the lab was given a clean bill of health.
"I think their conclusion is that they are following all the protocols. They haven't found [any] wrongdoing."
The virus that causes Covid, it is almost certain, once came from bats.
But how it got from bats to us is a far more controversial question, and from the start there were two main possibilities.
One is that the virus spread naturally from bats to humans, perhaps via other animals. Many scientists say the weight of evidence suggests that is the most likely scenario.
But other scientists say there is not enough evidence to rule out the main alternative possibility – that the virus infected someone involved in research which was designed to better understand the threat of viruses emerging from nature.
Those two alternatives now find themselves at the heart of a geopolitical stand-off, a swirling mass of conspiracy theories, and one of the most politicised and toxic scientific debates of our time.
In the new BBC podcast we shed light on this difficult, but vitally important, question through interviews with some of the leading scientists from all sides of the debate – as well as on-the-ground reporting, from the streets of Wuhan to the inside of a high-security laboratory in the US.
A Singapore-based scientist, Prof Wang Linfa, was visiting the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), where he is an honorary professor, in January 2020, just as the coronavirus outbreak was taking hold.
He tells the BBC a colleague at the WIV had been worried about the possibility of a lab leak, but that she was able to dismiss it.
Prof Wang is a professor of emerging infectious diseases at the Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore, and collaborates regularly with Prof Shi Zhengli, a professor with the same speciality at the WIV.
Long-standing friends, they are two of the world's top experts on bat coronaviruses – earning themselves the nicknames Batman and Batwoman.
Prof Wang says Prof Shi told him she "lost sleep for a day or two" because she worried about the possibility that "there's a sample in her lab that she did not know of, but has a virus, contaminated something, and got out".
But he says that she checked her samples and found they contained no evidence of the virus that causes Covid or any other virus close enough to have caused the outbreak.
He also says there's "zero chance" that Prof Shi or anyone in her team was hiding the fact that they had found evidence of a lab leak because they were behaving like nothing happened, including going out for dinner, and planning a karaoke session.
Now-declassified US intelligence suggests that several researchers at the WIV became sick in autumn 2019 with symptoms "consistent with both Covid-19 and common seasonal illnesses".
But Prof Wang tells us that he suggested Prof Shi take blood samples from her team to see if they had Covid antibodies in January 2020. He says she followed his advice and all the tests were negative.
Prof Wang is one of a group of scientists who believe that the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that the virus passed to humans in a Wuhan market.
The Huanan Seafood Market – which sold much more than its name suggests, including wild mammals – was connected to many of the early cases, people who worked or shopped there.
Although China has shown a marked lack of transparency, those scientists say there is now enough information, such as the data on those early cases and the environmental sampling in that market, to rule out a lab leak.
In fact, such claims of certainty have been there from the start, most notably in a March 2020 paper which has become one of the most read and most controversial scientific papers of the internet age.
"The Proximal Origin of Sars-Cov-2" was written by some of the most eminent scientists in the field of virology and emerging disease, and it concluded: "We do not believe that any type of laboratory-based scenario is plausible."
It helped to bolster the idea – that quickly became prevalent in much of the media coverage – that the lab leak was a conspiracy theory.
But one of the paper's authors has told the podcast that he now has doubts about the strength of that earlier conclusion.
Ian Lipkin, a professor of epidemiology at Columbia University in New York, has long-experience tracking diseases around the world, including in China, where he has built strong contacts.
He was also the scientific adviser on the Hollywood blockbuster Contagion.
Prof Lipkin now says ruling out any lab-based scenario in the paper was putting it too strongly.
While he continues to believe that the market remains the most plausible explanation for where Covid came from, and does not believe the virus was deliberately engineered, he does not feel all laboratory or research scenarios can yet be excluded.
And he volunteers a theory of his own, pointing to another Wuhan laboratory – run by the Wuhan Centre for Disease Control – located just a few hundred metres away from the Huanan Seafood Market.
It was known to be involved in the collection of thousands of blood and faecal samples from wild bats, research that was sometimes done without wearing proper protective equipment, according to Chinese news reports – a clear infection risk.
"The people who work there could have become infected while they're in a cave collecting bats," Prof Lipkin says, adding that he was not aware of the lab and its work when he co-wrote the March 2020 paper.
Prof Lipkin says that further analysis pointing to the Huanan Seafood Market as the origin of the virus – including recent research focused on evidence of raccoon dogs at the market – does not resolve the origin question.
The virus, he says, could have "originated outside of the market and been amplified in the market".
On the surface, Prof Gao's comments about not ruling out a lab leak appear seriously at odds with China's publicly stated position.
Risky even.
"The so-called 'lab leak' is a lie created by anti-China forces. It is politically motivated and has no scientific basis," reads a statement provided by the Chinese embassy in the UK.
But looked at another way, there may be more common ground than it seems.
In its propaganda, the Chinese government has been pushing a strange, unsubstantiated third theory of its own.
The virus, it says, didn't come from the lab or the market but may have been brought into the country on frozen food packaging.
The Chinese government says it rules out both the lab and the market – and Prof Gao's comments could simply be seen as the more scientific version of that position, because he rules out neither. Both are based on that idea of a lack of evidence.
"We really don't know where the virus came from… the question is still open," Prof Gao tells the BBC.
Scientists dispute – sometimes bitterly – whether the question really is still open.
But, outside China at least, there is broad agreement on one thing: China has not done enough to look for evidence or share it.
Though it may seem like a simple question, it's anything but.
Where did Covid come from?
For every life lost, for everyone who's suffered and for those who continue to suffer, the answer matters.
The Fever: The Hunt for Covid's Origin podcast is available on BBC Sounds.
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© 2023 BBC. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Read about our approach to external linking.

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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Most U.S. COVID-19 vaccines go idle as New York, Florida move to … – Reuters.com

NEW YORK, Jan 4 (Reuters) – More than two-thirds of the 15 million coronavirus vaccines shipped within the United States have gone unused, U.S. health officials said on Monday, as the governors of New York and Florida vowed to penalize hospitals that fail to dispense shots quickly.
In New York, hospitals must administer vaccines within a week of receiving them or face a fine and a reduction in future supplies, Governor Andrew Cuomo said, hours before announcing the state's first known case of a new, more infectious coronavirus variant originally detected in Britain. read more
"I don't want the vaccine in a fridge or a freezer, I want it in somebody's arm," the governor said. "If you're not performing this function, it does raise questions about the operating efficiency of the hospital."
New York hospitals on the whole have dispensed fewer than half of their allocated doses to date, but performance varied from one group of hospitals to another, Cuomo said. The NYC Health + Hospitals system, the city's main public hospital network, has only administered 31% of its allotment, compared with 99% for a few private hospitals in the state.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported an even lower vaccine uptake for New York overall, saying fewer than one in five of the 896,000 doses shipped to the state since mid-December have been given.
In Florida, where officials have put senior citizens ahead of many essential workers for getting the vaccine, Governor Ron DeSantis announced a policy under which the state would allocate more doses to hospitals that dispense them most quickly,
"Hospitals that do not do a good job of getting the vaccine out will have their allocations transferred to hospitals that are doing a good job at getting the vaccine out," DeSantis said at a briefing.
"We do not want vaccine to just be idle at some hospital system," he added, although he did not say they would face fines.
Florida, which has dispensed less than a quarter of the 1.14 million doses it has received, according to the CDC, will also deploy an additional 1,000 nurses to administer vaccines and will keep state-run vaccination sites open seven days a week, DeSantis said.
UK VARIANT FOUND IN NEW YORK
Cuomo's announcement that the more contagious COVID variant known as B.1.1.7 had been confirmed in a man in his 60s living in a town north of Albany gave new urgency to the state's efforts to accelerate vaccinations.
At least three other U.S. cases of the so-called UK variant have been documented since last week, one each in Florida, California and Colorado. None of the four patients has a recent travel history, meaning the variant was likely spreading person-to-person within each of the communities where it turned up.
[1/5] A staff member at Hamilton Park Nursing and Rehabilitation, a nursing home facility, receives the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine from Walgreens Pharmacist Craig Brandt in Brooklyn, New York, U.S., January 4, 2021. REUTERS/Yuki Iwamura
Neither the UK variant, nor a similarly more contagious strain first found in South Africa, is believed any more lethal than the original form of the virus. Scientists say newly developed vaccines should be equally effective against both.
But medical experts worry that the emergence of a more communicable variant could accelerate a months-long surge of infections and hospitalizations already straining U.S. healthcare systems to their limits.
The U.S. death toll has climbed to well over 350,000 out of more than 20 million known infections, with the fatality rate averaging 2,600-plus lives every 24 hours over the past week.
The staggering human toll, together with an upending of daily social life and a stifling of economic activity, has made the slower-than-expected uptake of available vaccines all the more vexing to authorities.
'GOT TO DO BETTER'
Medical authorities have confronted widespread distrust of immunization safety, even among some healthcare workers, owing in part to the record speed with which COVID-19 vaccines were developed and approved 11 months after the virus emerged in the United States.
But some U.S. officials also have cited organizational glitches in launching the most ambitious mass inoculation campaign in the nation's history in the year-end holiday season.
"The logistics of getting it going into the people who want it is really the issue," the leading U.S. infectious disease specialist, Dr Anthony Fauci, told MSNBC. "We're not where we want to be. No doubt about that. "I don't think we can blame it all on vaccine hesitancy."
The federal government has distributed more than 15 million vaccine doses to states and territories across the country, but only about 4.5 million have been administered, the CDC reported.
Those figures put the government far short of its goal of vaccinating 20 million people by the end of 2020, although officials said they expected the rollout would pick up significantly this month.
"We have got to do better, and we are going to keep doing better, Surgeon General Jerome Adams told CBS News in an interview, adding he expected dramatic improvements over the next two weeks.
Dr. Amesh Adalja, a scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said New York and Florida were being "overly bureaucratic" in penalizing hospitals over vaccine deliveries even as they coped with soaring patient caseloads.
"Instead of fining hospitals, why not give them more resources to do this, more money, more staffing?" he said in a telephone interview.
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
The United States and the European Union pledged on Wednesday to join forces to counter China's non-market economic practices and disinformation, particularly over Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu

Students are less engaged, but stop blaming COVID (opinion) – Inside Higher Ed

As “digitally evolved knowledge workers,” our students engage differently than the generations before them; as educators, we need to adapt, Jenny Darroch writes.
By  Jenny Darroch
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COVID-19 disrupted learning as schools and universities moved between online, in-person and hybrid learning modalities, impacting the lives of our students in ways that we are still trying to fully understand. As we move into a post-COVID world, many of us see students who are less engaged, and we are quick to blame the pandemic: in conversations with colleagues, we tell each other that our students are disengaged because they had negative experiences in high school due to COVID and so they are unprepared for college, or our students are struggling with mental health issues, which became more pronounced during COVID-19.
While I am not dismissing these arguments, and I am certainly not trivializing mental health, I believe we need to stop blaming COVID and reframe the narrative around student engagement by thinking about who and what today’s students are—knowledge workers. Through this lens, we can better cater to what does engage them.
A knowledge worker is a professional who uses their expertise and skills to create, analyze or distribute information or knowledge. They rely heavily on their intellectual abilities, creativity and critical thinking skills to perform their tasks, and they typically work in fields such as technology, education, research and consulting. By this definition, students are knowledge workers. They actively engage in acquiring knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, conduct research and analyze data to solve complex problems, and apply what they learn. Students go to college to learn and develop expertise in a field, they mostly seek knowledge-intensive jobs upon graduation and, through their research, they often advance the body of knowledge.
Our current students, part of Generation Z, are digital natives who have grown up in an “always on” technological environment. They are entrepreneurial, independent, resourceful and self-sufficient and willing to use technology to find solutions. In short, they are digitally evolved knowledge workers.
Members of Gen Z want to have a personalized experience and expect brands to know them well. They like to curate their own experience: in fact, some of our students ask why they cannot curate their own learning journey, and many are starting to question the value of the many subjects that comprise the core curriculum. Members of Gen Z also expect that their own unique learning style, preferences and interests will be taken into consideration—something my Farmer School of Business colleague Megan Gerhardt, who researches generational differences, notes in her recent piece for AACSB Insights.
Members of Gen Z are incessantly exposed to multimedia elements such as images, videos and audio, and they engage in interactive games and apps. As a consequence, they expect faculty to use technology so as to make the learning process more engaging and effective. In a recent study, more than half of the respondents said they learn best by doing, and a further 38 percent said they learn by seeing (e.g., videos). Gen Z expects content to be relevant and practical, as they did before COVID.
Students, like knowledge workers already in the workforce, are very outcome-focused. They tend to come to business schools with clear career goals in mind. While these goals do and should change as students are exposed to a variety of new career options, we find that students engage with activities they believe will help them to achieve their goals. If the activity is seen as not directly related to achieving a goal, then the student disengages.
Peter Drucker, who coined the term “knowledge work” back in 1959, identified six factors that fuel productivity for knowledge workers, including a need for autonomy—“that we impose the responsibility for their productivity on the individual knowledge workers themselves”—a commitment to continuous learning and teaching, and a focus on quality as being “at least as important” as quantity. “Knowledge-worker productivity demands that we ask the question: ‘What is the task?’” Drucker wrote.
At the Farmer School of Business, we’re seeking similar factors to help reset student engagement. We are at the start of a process, and I have asked faculty, students and staff to share their different perspectives. While I don’t know what the final decisions and outcomes will be, I do believe we need to go back to basics and apply Drucker’s six factors to the knowledge workers we are encountering in our classrooms, in the hopes this will enhance their levels of engagement, performance, feelings of well-being and overall growth as lifelong learners. This would mean we would:
The answer to declining student engagement is to not blame COVID and the impact it had on our students as learners but instead to recognize that today’s students engage differently—and did so before the pandemic. They expect to be recognized for the knowledge they have and their ability to self-direct as they learn and grow. As faculty members, we need to hold students accountable, allow them to self-direct, encourage them to innovate, meet them where they are digitally and provide relevant examples to help what we are teaching come to life. Ultimately, we have to trust the ability and capacity of the next generation of leaders.
Jenny Darroch is the dean of the Farmer School of Business at Miami University in Ohio.

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Gemah Ripah Sumberahayu